Metal-mold.



I. H. BMEBERG.

mam mow. APPLICATION FILED HA1 7. I916 RENEWED IAN 9. I919.

Patented Mar. 4.1919.

5 SHEETS-5IIEEI I.

WWO

1. H. BAMBERG.

METAL MOLD.

APPLICATION FILED mm. 1. ms. nzncwzn um. 9.19:9.

1 ,296,588. Patented Mar. 4. 1919.

5 SHEETS-SHE 2- I. H. BAMBERG.

METAL MOLD.

v APPLICATIOI HLED "AR- 7, l9l6- RENEWED IAN-9.19

Patented Mar. 4,1919.

5 SHEETS$HEEI' 3 J. H. BAMBERG. METAL MOLD.

APPLICATION FILED ma 1. ISIS. RENEWED JAN. 9. l9

I. H. BAMBERG.

METAL MOLD.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 7. I916. RENEWED JAN. 9. HHS. 1,296,588. PatentedMar. 4.1919.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5- UNITED STATES PATENT olauaucn.

Josnrn n. Baum-me or ronawmnn, new Yonx, ABSIGNOB T0 rnn aiummun:

OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO.

METAL-MOLD.

Specification of Letters Patent To all whom it may concern? Be it known that I, JOSEPH H. BAMBERG, a citizen of the United States, residin at Tonawanda, in the county of Erie and tate of New York, have invented certain new and useful Im rovements in and Relating to MetaLMol s, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to molds adapted to receive molten metal or metallic alloys, such as aluminum or aluminum alloys, and more particularly the invention relates to perma;

. cavity to facilitate the nent molds each comprising a plurality of sections or parts constructed and correlated to form a complete mold cavity.

One object of my invention is to rovide an improved permanent mold inclu ing the core, adapted for the easy and rapid casting of cup-shaped articles (such as pistons for operation within en 'ne cylinders) which may be equipped wit inwardly extending bosses, ribs, extensions, etc, and the sections of which may be so constructed and correlated that in casting, the metal will quickly flow through 'and to all parts of the mold cavity, and which may be readily and quickly separated to ermit the removal of the casting without (llama e thereto.

Other objects of my invention are to provide a sectional core to facilitate its insertion into and ready removal from the mold cavity, the sections being readily and quickly withdrawable to free the castin and its projections, etc., by the combin lateral and axial movement of the sections desired throughout the casting, and the core sections are so arranged that should any fins be formed in casting, they may be readily removed without damage to the walls of the castm Other objects of the invention are to provide improved means for venting the mold elimination of gases and air therefrom during the casting operation, and also for ugh a chamber about the mold cavity, by which the mold parts are maintained at a desired temperature Other objects of m do an improved mo d in vwhich (a) the setting of the. casting-will take place regresszvely, and (-6) at substantially Bf! tlmes relative to the casting. These core sections and the and set forth in the ap ended of i lustration, I have, in

the circulation of heat Y invention are to prob Patented Mani, 1919.

Renewed January 0, 1m. Serial llo. 21am. during the solidification eriod, the of the freezing metal stl communication with a source of liquid metal, so that the cavities which would normally be portions formed by crystallization shrinkage in the casting are filled up, metal is prevented.

Other objects of my invention are to provide an improved mold in which to cast a metallic alloy of the characterof aluminum alloys which will produce a relativel' small quantity of eutectic in the casting, an which eutectic will be caused substantially to surround the excess substance in the casting, the construction of the mold being such'as to insure freedom from porosity us to crystallization shrinkage and to cause the casting to be chilled or set with sufiicient rapidity to produce a relatively fine grain structure.

Another object of my vide an improved mold in which to cast a metallic alloy having and porosity of the invention is to pro- 1 liquid will be in a relatively low spe- V cific gravity and a relatively hi h coeflicient in which to cast a walls of whiclimold, which constitute the desired product and invention is to pro j and readily coated metal when it flows into contact therewith, i

t us insuring within the mold cavity.

With these and other objects in view the consists in the parts and GOmhIl'lIlinvention tion or combinations for the pu after descri of parts herein selected d in the followingspecification claims. For the purpose the accompanying drawin shown and herein described one form of apparatus embod ing my invention;

igure 1 is a plan 'view of big my invention, parts of when away. a c 7 Fig. 2 is a side elevation-of the mold. -Fi 8 is a cross-section on the line 3-3 of a mold embodythe mold being oses of illustration and hereinproper setting of the. metal I sembed core.

' j'inember 2,,may comprise plate 2", the" central 1 :aeeuitabl V lu a mag M l V V zipectlvely. Thesewallsmav be integrally t ends with a semi-circa 4 a cross-section on the line 4-4 of 10 .is a perspective viewof the main core,

F g. 11 is a perspective view of two side sections of core.

F 12 is; bottom un view a the as- Fig. 13 is a perspective view of the devices,

2'0 detached and separated, which are used for venting of theupper end of the mold cavity. 1 Fig. 143s a tragmentar sectional view of aportion of a mo d slightly modified to provide for venting'in casting certain types of cu shaped, articles.

' n the drawings, 1 indicates as an entirety a permanent mold comprising a series of members constructed to form a casting of the desired shape, such as a skirted or cupshaped iston for an internal combustion motor. e 'mold illustrated in the accompanymg draw ngs may be formed from cast iron or other suitable material. The main part or. body of the mold preferably comprice a base mem r 2, and complementary members 3, 4, movable on the base member Bjtoward and from each other. The base a platform or base portion of which is "surfaced to cm the bottom of the mo dcavity. The basemember 2 is by preference mounted on feet or standards 2 1 r Each of the complementaigy.

comprise asidewall end walls 6,

and bottom walls 81 and 9, re-

ormed, as-shownin the rawings. e 6 1,3 and9 of each member project mmbthe rear face of the Wall a' heating chamber 9', this formed by a plate 9' fixed known manner to t eend edges "in any Land 8 by bolts 9. cfitehandles, connected manner to the plates'fl" forthe mold members 3, 4, whereby the conveniently moved to and moldmember 3 is ada tof'thej the 'wall li of th mem r ii-FigigiThe wall 5 of each .mold" member 8,4, is fpfirovided between its r portion 5" Wh Qh' is an insert for the maincore sec- -members 3, r

the outer q are moved together, i

' mes es in coiiperation with the similar semi-circular' portion of the other mold member, and the surfaced portion of the base plate 2', forms the outer wall of the mold cavit A. The wall 5 is, in the referred from o the invention, relatively t ick in order that it may be ca able of retaining suflicient heat to make t e mold eflicient or casting pistons or other cup-shaped articles from various metals and alloys, such as aluminum alloys.

At 2, the base late 2 is provided with an annular shoul er and the bottom walls 9 of the mold members 3, 4, are recessed at 9 to receivethe shoulder 2 whereby the mold members 3, 4, are properly alined.rela-- tivel to each other and also centered on the use late 2 when moved together, as shown in ig. 1.

10 indicates auxiliag' devices for .almmg and centering the mol members 3, 4. The auxiliary devices 10 may be used in connection with and auxiliary to the devices 2 and 9, or as a substitute therefor. The auxiliary devices 10 preferably comprise a pair of upwardly proyecting stationary ms 10 arranged near opposite sides of the ass plate 2 and recesses 10" formed in the opposing faces of the walls of the mo d members 3, 4. The pins 10' and recesses 10 coiiperate to cause the POSltlODlllg of the mold members 3, 4, at a predetermined osition each time they are moved together, it being necessary to so position the members 3, 4, that their recesses 10 Wlll receive the pins 10 to bring them face to faceto form the mold cavity A.

11 indicates as an entirety a permanent sectional core adapted to removably fit with; in the mold cavity A, The sides of the core may be slightly tapering to facilitate its rem0val.

The core 11 preferably comprises a plurality' of parts made of steel thou h other suitable material may be used; 1n t e illustrated example it consists of a mam or center section 11 having curvilinear end Walls 11", and pairs of se ental sections 11 arranged at opposite sides of the centersection 11. Each section of each pair of side core sections 11 at either side of the center section is bodily laterally movable after the center section 11' "strengthening As will be understood, this construction permits these sections 11 to be swun away from each other in order to move their lower ends from beneath the adjacent boss of the casting in the mold cavity, and to do this, where inwardly extending ribs are carried by the casting, without defacing or mutilatin such ribs. I

n the form of construction shown, I have made provision for two heat dissipating ribs which extend across the inner face of the piston head preferably at right angles to each other. Such ribs may also be used for urposes. One rib is provided for on t 1e casting by a groove 11 formed in and extending longitudinally of the lower end of the center core section 11*; the other rib is provided by a groove 11 formed in the lower end of the center section 11 and extending transversely to the groove 11 and by cut-away portions 11 which aline with the roove 11 and are formed in the opposing aces between and adjacent to the lower ends of each pair of side core sections 11. Where it is desired to have the transverse rib extend upwardly to the bosses, as shown in the drawings, the opposing faces of the side core sections may be cut away as indicated at 11 1 In Fig. .8 I have shown a circle of substantially the diameter of the thickness of the inwardly extending ribs or webs. The walls ofthe core sections 11 which extend toward this circle are preferably formed on lines tangential to the circle, as are also the walls of the section 11' which engage therewith. This construction insures that-when the sections 11 are swun bodily to remove them from the adjacent ss 6 their lower ends will practically engage flat with the side of the rib or web toward which they are moved rather than make a point engagement therewith. The purpose of this construction is twofold; first, it permits of maximum lateral swinging movement of the side core sections to facilitate their withdrawal from a casting in the mold; second, in the event any molten metal flows in between the opposing faces and formsa fin tgwhich may appen if the sections do not t tightly together or become worn) the fin is caused to pro'ect from the inner face of the casting at sn stantially right angles to a plane extendin tangentially. of the casting at the point 0 union of the fin therewith. When; so disposed the fin may be broken or sheared off without injury to the adjacent walls of the casting; whereas Ihave found in practice that fins extending in other directions away from the inner face of the casting due to the construction of the core sections and disposition of their opposing or en aging faces, have a stronger union on one side of the fin with the adjacent wall of the casting than on the other, so that when such a fin is removed by breaking or shearing it off, it will carry with it ortions of the metal forming the casting wa ll to which it was most strongly connected instead of making a clean break or shear. Under such circumstances the removal of the fin will materially damage the casting.

In can-yin out this feature of my invention, it will e noted thatthe opposite side faces of the center section 11 are provided with walls 11"" which extend in a direction approximately radially of the axis of the core and that the opposite side walls 11 of each side core section are shaped to fit against each other and the walls 11". respectively.

12 indicates devices for swingably supporting the side core sections 11 on the mold members 3, 4. These devices preferably comprise flanges, one for each section, extending around the outer edges thereof. When the core sections 11" are assembled in the mold cavity A, the flanges 12 engage the top walls 8. As the latter are flat, they permlt the flanges 12 to slide thereon when the sections 11 are swung laterally as shown in Fig. 8, and thus guide the sections 11 bodily laterally. I

13 indicates devices, preferably flanges, secured to or formed integrally with the center section 11. These flanges extend around the curved end walls 11 of thecorc section '11 and rest upon the top walls 8 to support member and the adjacent top wall 8. v Inactual practice, the core sections 11, 11, are usually wedged together very tightly within the mold opening above the cavity A. The purpose of this construction is therefore to provide devices with which a tool or lever, may be engagedto pry out the coresection. I prefer to provide a projecting member 14 at either curved end of the core section 11.

15 indicates a pair of permanent core sections or core pins arranged to proje"t into the mold cavity A to form openings in or through the bosses formed by the cavities a in the core sections 11. The core pins 15 preferably comprise rods, each of which extends through a pair of alined o enings formed in a wall 5 and adjacent p ate 9". At their inner ends the rods prefwardly against t e pin 19 and the erably engage the core sections 11 to limit their inward movement when positioned as shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3. Near their inner ends, the core pins 15 may be slightl tapered to permit ready removal and ngagement from the casting. 15 indicates a collar fixed in any suitable manner to each rod 15. The collar 15 is spaced from the adjacent plate 9 to permit the use of a prying tool to be used to force the rod outwardly and remove it when necessary. Each rod 15 is provided on its outer; end with a handle 15" of any suitable form.

16 indicates devices which coiiperate to aline the core 11 relative to the openin in or between the mold members 3, 4, so at the inner and outer walls constituting the cavity A will be properly correlated to form the desired castmgs. The alining devices preferably comprise a key or rib 16* fixed to and extendin longitudlnally of the core section 11 an a groove 16 formed in the walls of the o ening through which the core 11 is moved. The key 16 may be connected to the core section 11 by counter-sunk screws, as shown in Fig. '4. The oove 16* may be formed by cutting away t e adjoining farms of the walls 5, said faces, in the construction shown, being formed by bushing members 23 (see Fig. 13) which will be later described. 1

19 indicates devices for locking the mold members to ther so that they may be held in rigid relfitionshi while casting takes place. I may rovi e a set of locking devices at either side of the mold. Preferably, each set of devices 19 comprises a lug or projection 19, fixed in any suitable manner to one of the mold members, such as the member 8, and a member 19" pivotally mounted on the other mold member and swiugable into latching engagement with the lug 19'. The member 19" carries a hook or arm 19 which engages the .pin 19". The pivoted member is ada ted to be driven downin engaging face of the arm 19"is wedge ha as shown at 19, so that. when the member 19" is struck with a hammer or equivalent tool, the inclined face 19, will serve to force the mold members 3, 4, tightly together and maintain them in such positlon.

In operation, the walls of the mold, ineluding core parts, which constitute the wall for the mold cavity are suitably coated or treated in any wel known manner to reduce as much as possible agitation of the molten metal as it flows into contact o t c with and to insure proper settin metal within the mo d cavity. e mold members 3, 4 are usually moved together,

then the lock ng devio s 19 are'moved intooperative position ready to be driven or forced into latched Ipeositlon and the pairs of side sections and t center of the core 11 Michigan.

sired ape. The shape and construction portions form a gate 0 the dey of the gate 20 herein shown for illustrative purposes I believe to be the sole invention of A. B. Norton, of Detroit, As such invention will form the subject-matter of a separate ap lication, further description of the gate herein will not be necessary. a 7

Where the character of the castings, th mold parts and the metal poured, or either thereof, make it necessary or desirable to heat the mold in carrying out the casting operation, I provide means, indicated as an entirety at 21, for heating the mold partsor walls to and keeping them at the desired temperatures. The heating means 21 may comprise suitable burners 21 to which are connected gas and air supply pipes 21*, 21, respectively. Each supp y pi e has a flexible connection and is provide with a valve 21 of any suitable construction. The open or free end of the burner 21 is prefera ly spaced from the adjoining mold member but is arranged to project the flame into and through an opening 9 formed in the adjacent plate 9 whereby it may impinge against the wall 5 within the chamber 9". I have for illustrative P11313056 shown heating means 21 for each mol member 3, 4, and

so arranged that the flame will impinge directl on the portions of the adjacent wall 5 in w ich the gate 20 is formed. .As a result of this construction, the metal fiowin through the te 20 to the mold cavity will be kept om premature setting.

' 22 indicates a bracket for supporting each heating means 21. The bracket is fixed in a well known manner'to one wall of the ads.- cent mold member, such as the wall 7 eing connected to and movable with the mold members, the brackets maintain the burners 21 in fixed relationship to the mold members and thus permit -t e latter to be operated in carrying out the casting operations. .I rovide improved means for venting the mold cavity A to permit the read escape of air or gases as the molten metal ows into thecavity andv to eflect the. run of the metal to all parts of the cavity. The sectionality g5 mold structure lends itself admirably to be vented without regard to the shape and construct-ion of the'casting.

g out of this feature of my invention, s nee it permits the mold cavity amazes I have chosen to illustrate three dilferent examples of venting means. One of these examples is shown in Figs. 3, fl, 5 and 13. Referring to these figures, 23 indicates an insert and 23 indicates a recess formed in the wall 5 of each mold member 3, 4, to receive an insert 23.' The inserts 23 are mounted above the mold cavity A in the opening formed by the semi-circular walls 5'. They are of curvilinear shape an'd, as shown, form the upper Walls of the opening through which the sections of the core 11 are inserted into and removed from the mold cavity A. The inserts are preferably arranged to project inwardly beyond the outer wal of the cavity A (see Fig. 3), whereby their lower ends for said cavity. 23" indicates a plurality of grooves formed on the lower ends of the inserts. These grooves may extend in a direction radially relative to the axis of the mold cavity. The grooves 23" are preferably etched or otherwise formed in the surface of the insert so that they will be small enough to preclude molten material from flowing through them but large enoughto permit the free escape of air or gases from the mold cavity A. At 23 the lower outer corners of the inserts 23 are cut or beveled away to form in coiiperation with the walls of the recess 23 a channel 23 into which the outer ends of the grooves 23 lead. 23' indicates recesses or grooves formed in the outer surfaces of the inserts 23. The recesses 23' extend from end to end of the inserts and recesses 23 form outlets or vents leading from the channel 23" to the outside atmosphere.

23. indicates air-escape grooves which may be formed on the inner surfaces of the inserts 23. The grooves 23 are connected at their upper ends with grooves 23 formed in the upper end walls of the inserts 23. The grooves 23 permit the escape of the air or ases from the recesses 23 which might ot erwise be prevented by the flanges 12, 13, on the core sections 11, 11, respectively,.when the latter are in position. It will be noted that the vents 23" and 23' lead from the upper outer and inner corners of the cavity A. This construction permi s air and other gases to escape from both of these points as the metal is cured, and insures that the metal will run into and completely fill the cavity and form a casting of the desired shape. The inserts 23 may be fixed in the recesses 23 in any suitable manner, preferably by screws, the heads of which are countersunk as shown in Fig. 5.

Another form of venting is shown in Figs. 3, 4, 6, 7 and 9. By this latter form, I illustrate means for venting) a cavity formed in a core section or sections. In these figures, 24 indicates an insert which fits into a re- I cess or cutaway form the upper end walls 1n cooperation with the adjacent walls of the portion24 in the main core section 11 This insert is of a size and shape to complete the core section, as will be readilv understood from Figs. 3. and 10, On the face of the lower end of the main core section 11, opposing the inner wall of the insert 24 are ormed a plurality of fine grooves 24" to permit the esca e of air or gases from the cavities 11 an 11' and to msure the formation of the inwardly extending ribs on the casting. The grooves 24' lead to a conduit 24 preferably formed by cooperating ooves in adjoining faces of the insert 24: an which conduit the air and gases escape to lateral passa eways 24", Fig. .3, between the upper end 0 the insert and adjacent shoulder of the center section 11 formed by chamfering or beveling the upper inner edge of the insert 24:, as indicated &t;24'.' The passageways 24* communicate "it their outer ends with the vents 23'.

The insert 24. is preferably fixed to the adjacent portion of the cone section 11 by screws 24.

The other form of venting means (see Fig. 14) is illustrated in connection with a slightly modified form of mold wherein the bottom of the casting, that is, the outer face of the piston head In this example is provided with a work spot. B. In this construction, the base plate is formed with an opening 25 and this opening has inserted in it a pin 25". The u per end of the pin terminates at a point below the upper surface of the plate 2 cavity 26. 25 indicates a series of grooves formed in the outer wall of the pin 25 and leading downwardly from the cavity 26. At its lower end, the pin 25 is reduced or cut away to form an annular channel 25 into which all of the grooves 25 lead. 27 indicates a surface 0 the base plate by a bolt 27 or equivalent means. The plate 27 Serves to close the lower end of the opening 25. The plate 27 is formed with a conduit 27" the inner end of which is in communication with the'channel 25 to permit the escape of air and gases therefrom.

The operation of a mold embodying my invention will be readily understood by one skilled in the art. The temperature at which the parts 3, 4, and sup orting structure therefor is maintained W1 I depend largely upon the nature and character of the metal or alloy to be cast. Assuming that the burnem 21 have been operated to heat up the partsof the mold to the desired temperature and that the mold complete, including core sections, is assembled, as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, the molten metal to be cast is brought to the mold in any suitable manner, as by a ladle andis poured into the inlet port 20 of the gate 20. It descends through center section 11, through in order to form the plate removably fixed to the under prefer to use a gate 20 such as illustrated in i 7 the drawings because of the peculiar advanwhich it in connection with V. of them."

we 1 that the metal I of the inserts 23, w

V theimet from enter g thecasting of a cupgihaped article haying inwardlyextending sees and ribs or either The construction of the gate 18 such that a liquid seal is formed at 20' as the. metal flows throu h the gate. This seal after it is formed ten to; reclude the passe of air and into e mold cayity A an also to materially reduce splashing of the metal within the te during the pouring. Splashing furt er is substantially eliminated-by forming the wall 20' in such flows smoothly along it an thence into the cavity A. Air and gases within the mold cavit escape in thewellknown manner through the 'vents provided ashereinbefore descri ed. The metal rises from the bottom of the mold cavity upwardly until it en ages with 'thelower end on the casting B is completed having. in this examgiletwo inwardly ding tn ular bosses b, and two inwardly extending ribs b disposed at 'rightan es to each other. The weight of in the upper portion of. the gate serves to force the metal intothe mold eavity to complete the casting, the upper end "wall of he casting being substantiallyl in; e .2 line with the upper ich 1 directly rtionof the gate w feeds it.

operation to prevent oxide of the metals poured and ot er foreign materials I the mold cavity. Preferably, 1 next remove the core sections .15, 15, by pulling ,endwise' each of them out of the mold, or at least out ofengagement with any part of, he casting. Next, preferably, I ease oifitl'ie lock devices 19 and then remove the center section 115 ofthe core by withdrawing it axiallyor longitudinally up- '1' jdaway fmtlllll illfizfilflst'oflfhllg mold. 'ggrp mg 0- es move od ly lliterally each of the core sections 11 so as it from alinement withany part Roi the a d iacent castingbossb, Fig. 8, and

each of the saidcore sectionsill! axially or longitudinally from the "mold." Then the mold sections 3, 4, are en- III si'zlflicient p r hit the cast- 7 whereupon old-parts are \1 Ill.

I addition trapping outtheair this construction of gate in actual quickly disenga led and the oper u ghapedarticles such as lower-the sections home after the mold members 3 and 4 were locked tightly together.

To one skilled in the art of casting metals and their alloys, the manyeadvantages of my improved mo d should. obvious; among others: a

It will be noted that the elements of my mold construction may be soshaped and correlated as to lend themselves admirably to the making of on -sha ed castings and particularly of cupp castings lilre skirted pistons havin inwardl extending bosses and ribs, or either of 1; cm. Each of the core sections is correlated to each of the others in such manner as to have merely a sliding or surface engagement with the adjacent section'or sections; that is, none of the core sections when in o eration is attached to any other core section but merely has a sliding contact or engagement therewith. Again the core sections are so shaped,

disposed and correlated that they with great rapidity may be withdrawn from the casting so as to require a minimum amount of time within which all sections of the core may be removed or freed from the casting. In the casting of skirted istons having inwardly projectin bosses t is is of material advantage. T e core sections 15 may be withdrawn rapidly merely by ulling them outwardly from the mold. he center section 11 may be withdrawn quickly by pulling'it outwardly, longitudinally of the axis of the casting, and each of the sections 11 may be ged from the casting by swinging it bodily laterally inwardly1 and then withdrawing it outwardly axis. y of the and the moldsections 3, 4. The mold sections 3, 4, may be then quickly unlatched and separated so as to free the casting. Where the casting remains in e mold is essential in the production of the character of casting desired, my improvementswill be found to be of large advantage inenabling the'operator or operators to produce one after the other in re id succession castings which have 7 ing illustrated herein, possesses t advan- [age in its simplicity and elficiency and in mam-in against. defective casti It w' be further noted that t of my improved mold are so constru to facilitate and insure the 'rted ying relatively walls and thmistrengthening and istons,

radiating or heat dissipating webs or ribs, thereby reducing to a minimum the amount of metal in the It .will be further noted that for the cast;

gate r the casting intermediate of the eriod of time that the e eleiiiei'its'v reduction of atiYely i of skirted having internailyproe'ctin am enable to dispose the bosses and at one side of the casting B so as to insure substantial uniformity of distribution of the metal from the gate with reference to each side of the casting carryin one of the bosses, b, 6. My improved mol is also peculiarly adapted for controlling to advantage, as desired, the chilling or rate of setting of different parts of a cup-shaped casting including internal bosses and extensions. For example, I have found it desirable in making piston castings, particularly of alloys such as above mentioned, to chill the wrist pin bosses b to a greater extent than any other part of the casting. To do this with my improved mold all that is necessaryl is to maintain the core pins 15 cooler t an any other parts of the mold which come into contact with the cast metal and of suflicient mass to insure the proper heat capacity. I have found that if the temperature of the core pins is not properly maintained imperfect castings result. Since the volume of metal at the bosses is greater than at adjacent ortions of the casting, I have found it advisable to chill these bosses to a greater extent than any other portion of the casting. Incidentally this roduces somewhat finer grain structure in t e bosses which is of advantage in the mounting and operation of the wrist pins therein. Ordinarily when the mold 1s in operation and the core sections removed, I have found it advantageous to apply heat to all sections of the core other than the core pins 15, and these core pins I preferably maintain at a lower temperature than the other parts of the core. It-will be understood that the re spective core sections can readily tained at temperatures diflering from each other and from the temperatures of the other parts of the mold, by reason of the'fact that the core parts are periodically removed from the mold and while removed can be subjected to any suitable temperature conditions; as, for example, to the cooling action of water or the atmosphere, or to the moderate heat of a torch or furnace.

While the use of my improved mold is not limited to any particular metal, I have found that it is eculiarly adapted for use in connection wlth the making of castings of an aluminum alloy containing copper, magnesium and iron, in that it enables me to controlto advantage the arrangement of the eutectic portion of such alloy within the cast structure, it being understood that it is the composition of. the alloy that determines whether or not any eutectic will be present in the casting, and it is the method of casting the alloy that determines what will be the structural relation of the eutectic to the excess substance.

I believe that progressive setting of the metal in the casting is one of the important factors in reducing porosity, due to crystalbe mainlization shrinkage, which is especially marked in aluminum alloys, and I have had in mind to have the setting take lace progressively within the mold with t at object in view. It is my opinion that liquid metal becomes completely surrounded with solid metal, during freezing, its solidi fication will be accompanied by a contraction of about three to six (per cent. of its total volume, porosity acoor my. improved mold the mold cavity an gate are so correlated "that at no time is liquid metal allowed to be isolated in any part of the casting, during the greater portion of the solidification all times during the solidification eriod the portions of the freezing-metal stil Ii ui are 1n communication with a source 0 liquid metal from the gate, so that cavities which would normally shrinkage in the casting are filled up.

The existence of an eutectic in a metallic alloy for casting purposes is peculiarly advantageous in reducing the amount of porosity in the casting, liquid portions of the freezing metal are in direct communication with other liquid metal, for instance in the gate, as provided by my invention, thus ermitting the crystallization shrinkage w1thin the casting to 95 be filled up or to be taken care of from molten metal without the mold cavity proper. During the freezing of the metal in the mold cavity in my improved mold, at substantial y from other liquid metal by solid portions.

It will be noted that I make the main core section 11 slightly longer than the side core sections 11, as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 3, so that that portion of the inner surm,

face of the cast iston head between the side core sections wi 1 be slightly lower than the A 7 other portions of such surface. In the event any fins are formed on the headof the casting between the main and this form of construction will permit the side core sections, when moved bodil laterally for removal urposes, to readi y bend over and shear 0 any fins that may be so formed on the cast head.

It will be noted that the gate at its port of communication with the mold cavity is relatively narrow, insuring the forming of va J relatively narrow section of metal between the gate and casting, which facilitates the 120 removal of the gate from the casting proper.

While I'have shown this port of communication between the gate and the mold cavity to extend from the bottom to the top of the mold cavity, it will be understood that I25 it does not necessarily have to extend the entire length of the mold cavity in an unbroken line so long as it does extend to the top of the mold cavity and has sufficient area between the top of the mold cavity and the 130 when any ingly resultiu In period. At substantially form by crystallization as particularly where the no time is any liquid metal isolated side core sections,

bottom of the mold cavity grogressivel t ward y continua ly introducing metal on top that which has already entered the mold cavity until the top of the cavity is finally reached.

I appreciate herein disclosed probably constitute subjectsmatter for difierent applications for Letters Patent, and accordfily of even dates herewith I have'execu andfiled an application relating to my isrenfroved process and roduct herein disclo '(See application er. No. 82,529, filed March 7,191 To those skilled in'the art many modifications of widely difl'ering embodiments and applications o myinvention will suggest t emselves, without departi from the spirit scope thereof. My isclosures and thedescriptionsherein are purel illustrative and are not intended to be in any sense limitin WhfltIclaimisr a .1. In a mold for east g pistons, the combination of a permanent base member a pair a oigpermanent mold members movab y supported on said base member and formed with complementary walls e06 erable with a pota of the upper wall B0 to f the-outer wallsof a mold cavity for castings-cu -shaped article having a head end with a s rt extending therefrom, and a permanent core movable relative to and s from said outer cavity walls to form W a er'walls of'the cup-shaped cavity.

' gamold for casting pistons, the-combination of a 'ermanent' ase member, com-. momentary 'si 7 y v said base member and coiiperable 40 therewith to form the outer walls o f a cupshaped mold cavity cEor a. piston casting hav i In head; 'd askirt extending therefrom, "anwmsectional permanent core insertible said complementary members to form *ali the'iinner wall ofthesaidmold cavity of [which said base and comfiiementary side the-outer wa Ifiia-moldior casting pistons, the combinationfof at'gemmnent moldbod having an! opening, e walls of which :orm the euterwallof-a cavity for a piston castd s skirt wit internal iamboss'emnnd a permanent sectional inner-tibia within said mold'body to cavity to fill the mold from the bottom upe mijthe prising a center section and pairs at arranged upon opposite sides of ,eedsioniwith each pair formed to In, stern m. "5g r s e all y t-inolidfi'h any. v .e V """itdll'of for apistoncastf e thefact that my inventions said base member e permanent mold members comprisin 'after said center section inner wall of the cavity,;the said i ,forone ofsal flia {or one ofthe said pin mold body to form the inner wall of the cavity, the said core comprising a center section and pairs of sections arranged upon 0 posite sides of the center section and the a uttin side wallsof said sections being dis ose in planes extending substantially ra ially of the axis of the cavity;

5. In a mold -for casting pistons, the combination of a permanent mold body having an opening the walls of which form the outer wall of a mold cavity for a piston casting having a head and a skirt,'and a permanent sectional core insertible within said mold body to form the inner wall of the cavity, the said core comprising a removable center section and airs of sections arranged upon opposite si es of the center section and swingable relative to each other after the removal of the center section and then 'withdrawable longitudinally.

latera walls forming. opposite parts of the external core wall and side sections arranged upon opposite sides of the center section and formed to provideithe cavities for the said pin bosses, said side sections being movable laterally relative to each other after said center section has been removed, and means for supporting the side sections of the core for lateral movement in the mold after the said center section has been removed.

7.-In a mold for casting pistons the combination of a rmanent mold bod having an opening, t e walls of which orm the outer wall of a mold cavity for a piston cast.- ing having a head and a skirt with internal iston pin bosses, a permanent sectional core ms'ertible within said moldbody to form the inner wall of the cavity,

a removable center section havatera walls forming opposite parts of the external core wall and airs of sections arranged upon opposite si es of the center section and movable relative to each other has been removed, each pair being formed to provide the cavity d pin bosses,

core sections for said pairs "of supporting lateral movement in the mold after the said center section has been 'remgved.

*8. In a' mold for casting pistons, the combination of a permanent mo d body havan o suing, the walls or which form the on r we 1 of a mold cavity for a ston casting' having a head and a 'skirt with internal iston pin bosses, apermanent sectional core and means for a the said core insertible within said mold body to form the inner wall of the cavity, the said core comprising a removable center section having lateral walls forming opposite parts of the external core Wall and airs of sections arranged upon 0 posite si es of the center section and mova le relative to each other after said center section has been removed, means for supporting said pairs of core sections for lateral movement in the mold after said center section has been removed, and independent means for moving each of said sections into and out of its operative position Within the mold.

9. In a mold for casting pistons, the combination of a permanent mold body having an opening, the wallsof which form theouter wall of a mold cavity for a piston casting having a head and a skirt, a permanent sectional core insertible within said mold body to form the inner wall of the cavity, the said core comprising a center section having lateral walls forming opposite parts of the external core wall and pairs of sections arranged upon opposite sides of the center section, and means for supporting said sections in said mold members with their free ends spaced from the bottom Wall of the cavity and their adjacent walls in sliding.

engagement with each other.

10. In a mold for casting pistons, the combination of a ermanent mold body having an opening, the walls of which form the outer wall of a mold cavity for a piston casting having a head and a skirt, a 00minsertible within said members to form the inner wall of the cavity, and a tubular part mounted in the said opening and extending inwardly therefrom to form the upper end wall of the skirt cavity.

11. A mold for casting pistons comprising in combination complementary permanent side members movable toward and from each other and cooperable to form the outer lateral wall of a piston mold cavity, a core insertible within said members to form the inner wall of the cavity, and inserts mounted in recesses in said complementary mold members and arranged to extend inwardly relative to the outer cavity walls to form the upper end wall of the cavity.

12. In a mold for casting pistons the combination of a permanent mold body having an opening, the walls of which form the outer wall of a trunk piston mold cavity, and ,a core comprising relatively movable sections insertible within said opening to form the inner wall of the cavity, the adjacent walls of certain of said sections havmg correlated recesses to form an internal projecting member on the piston casting.

13. In a mold for casting pistons, the combination of a ermanent mold body having an opening, t e walls of which form the outer wall of a trunk piston mold cavity, a

core comprising relatively movable sections insel'tible within said opening to form the inner wall of the cavity, the adjacent walls of certain of said sections having correlated recesses, and core pins insertibie through openings in the mold body and cooperating with the walls of said recesses in the core sectionsto form internally projecting hollow wrist pin supports on the piston casting.

14. In a mold for casting pistons, the combination of a )ermanent mold bod having an opening, the walls of which orm the outer wall of a trunk piston mold cavit and a sectional core insertible within said opening to form the inner wall of the cavity, the said core comprising a main section and pairs of sections arranged at opposite sides of the main section, the side sections being formed with complementary recesses in their abutting surfaces to form internally proj ecting members on the casting. Q

' 15. In a mold for casting pistons, theco bination of a ermanent mold bod having an opening, tlie walls of which orm the outer wall of a iston mold cavity, a sectional core inserti le within said opening to form the inner wall of the cavity, the said core comprising a main section and pairs of sections arranged at opposite sides of the main section, the side sections being formed with complementary recesses in their abutting sur aces, and core pins insertible through openings in the mold body walls and cooperable with the walls ofsaid recesses to form hollow wrist pin supports on the casting.

16. In a mold. for casting pistons, the combination of a permanent mold body having an opening, the walls of which form the. outer wall of a mold member and side permanent mold members movable thereon and shaped? and cooperating therewith to form the outside .cavity walls for a piston casting having a head cast against said base member and a skirt cast against said side members, means interposed between one of said members and each of the remaining members for causing alinement and registry of all of said members, and a sectional permanent core insertible between said side membersthmugh the open end of the cavity to form the inner cavity walls for the piston head and skirt.

18. The combination of a base permanent mold memberand side permanent mold members movable thereon and shaped and cooperating therewith to form the outside cavity walls for a piston castinghaving a head cast against said base member and a skirt cast against said side members, a sectional permanent core insertible between said side members through the open end of the cavity to form the inner cavity walls for the piston head and skirt, and means interposed between certain of said mold members and the core for causing alincment of the core therewith during its insertion into position.

'19. In a mold for casting a piston having a head and a skirt, the combination of a main permanent mold member forming the end wall of that portion of the'cavity in which the piston head is cast, a pair of permanent mold members movably mounted on said main member and provided with complementary walls forming the outside wall of that portion of the cavity in which the piston skirt is cast, and a permanent sectional core removably mounted within and spaced from the walls of said mold 1ncmbers to form the inner cavity walls for the piston head and skirt, certain of said core sections being recessed to form internally extending wrist pin bosses on the casting.

20. In a mold for casting a piston having a head and a skirt, the combination of a main permanent mold member serving as the end wall of thatportion of the cavity in which the piston head is formed, a pair of permanent side mold members movably mounted on said main member and provided with complementary walls serving as the 'outside'wall of that portion of the cavity in which the piston skirt is formed, a main permanent core removably mounted within and spaced from the walls of said mold members to form the inner cavity walls for the piston head and skirt, certain of said co're sections being recessed to form internall'y extending wrist pin bosses on the casting, and core pins, each extending through one of said side mold members, and movtable into and out of said recesses in said main permanent core.

" which mang nt side mold members movably mountied'on said main member and provided w th confipl'ementai y walls forming the outside of that portion of the cavity in which the piston skirt is cast, and a permanent sectional core removably mounted within and spaced from the walls of said mold members to -form the inner cavity Walls for the poston head and skirt, said permanent core sections having merelv surface engagement 1 with each other and bein held together and V 7 u properly positioned wi in said side mold members by surface engagement between portions of said side mold members and portions of said core sections.

22. In a mold for casting a piston having a head and a skirt, the combination of a main permanent mold member forming the end wall of that portion of the cavity in which the piston head is cast, a pair of permanent side mold members movably mounted on said main member andprovided with complementary walls forming the outside wall of that portion of the cavity in which the piston skirt is cast, and a permanent core, comprising a plurality of relatively movable sections, removably;mounted within and spaced from the walls of said mold 1 members to form the inner cavity walls for the piston head and skirt, siaid section being maintained in proper position within said side mold members and soheld by surface engagement between portions of said sections and portions of said members.

23. In a mold for casting a pistonhavinga head and a skirt, the combination of a main permanent mold member forming the end wall of that portion of the cavity in which the piston head is cast. a mi! of permanent side mold members movab y mounted on said main member. the last mentioned members being provided intermediate their ends with complementary walls forming the outside wall of that portion of the cavity in which the piston skirt is cast. and a permanent core removably mounted within and spaced from the cavity walls of said mold members to form the inner cavity walls for thepiston head and skirt and having a pair of diamet rically disposed wrist pin boss recesses.

24. In a mold for casting a piston having a head and a skirt, the combination of a main permanent mold member forming the end wall of that portion of the cavity in which the piston head is cast, a pair of similarly shaped permanent side mold members movably mounted on said main member, each of said side members being rovided with a relatively wide abutting wal formed intermediate its ends with a complementary Wall forming with the other com lementary curved wall the outside wall of t at portion of the cavity in which the piston skirt is cast, and a permanent core removably mounted within and spaced from the cavity walls of said mold members to form the.

intermediate its ends with a complementary curved wall forming with the other complementary wall the outside wall of that portion of the cavity in which the piston skirt is cast, and a permanent core, comprising a plurality of relatively movable sections, removabl mounted within and operatively supported on the side mold members and spaced from the cavity walls of the mold to form the inner cavity walls for the piston head and skirt.

26. A piston mold comprising in combination, a pair of permanent side mold members formed with complementary portions cooperable to form the outer lateral wall of a trunk piston mold cavity, and a permanent core removably mounted between said complementary walls to form the inner wall of the cavity, each of saidside mold members comprising an abutting wall, and side, top and bottom walls, and a plate secured to the free edges of said side, to and bottom walls and cooperating therewit to form a cham- 27. A piston mold comprising in combination, a pair of permanent side mold members formed with complementary portions coiiperable to form the outer lateral wall of a cup-shaped trunk piston mold cavity, a permanent core removably mounted between said com lementary walls to form the inner wall of t e cavity, each of said side mold members comprising an abutting wall, and side, top and bottom walls, and a plate secured to the free ends of said side, top and bottom walls coiiperating therewith to form a chamber, and means for supplying heat to said chambers.

28. A piston mold comprising in combination, a pair of permanent side mold members formed with complementary portions oooperable to form the outer lateral wall of a cup-shaped trunk piston mold cavity, a permanent core removably mounted between said complementary walls to form the inner wall of the cavity, each of said side mold members comprising an abutting wall, and side, top and bottom walls, and a plate secured to the free ends of said side, top and bottom walls. and cofiperating therewith to form a chamber, and means, movable with'each of said side mold members, for supplying heat to the said chambers.

, 29. A piston mold comprising in combination, a pair of permanent side mold members formed with complementary. curved portions cooperable to form the outer wall of a cup-shaped trunk piston mold cavity, a permanent core remova ly mounted between said complementary walls to form the inner wall of the cavity, each of said side mold members comprising an abutting wall, and side, top and bottom walls, and a plate secured to the free ends of said side, to and bottom walls and cooperating therewith to form a chamber, and means comprising a flame et in ecting burner extending in line with an opening through each of said plates,

nent. core insertible within the cavity open-i ing and having a portion spaced from the cavity forming walls of said main and complementary mold members to form the inner cavity walls for the piston head and skirt, and a flange bearing upon said complementary mold mcmibers properly to support said permanent core in longitudinal relation thereto.

31. In a mold for casting pistons having a head and a skirt, the combination of a main permanent mold member forming the end wall of that portion of the cavity in which the piston head is cast, a pair of permanent complementary mold members movably mounted on said main member and forming the outside wall of that portion of the cavity in which the piston skirt is cast, the cavit formed by said complementary mem bers eing open at its upper end,'an a permanent sectional core insertible within the cavity opening and having a portion spaced from the walls of said main and complementary mold members to form the inner cavity walls for the piston head and skirt and another portion having surface engagement with the adjacent walls of said complementary mold members to properly position and support said core sections relativeto each other and to said mold members.

32. In a mold for casting pistons having a head and a skirt, the combination of a main permanent mold member forming the. end wall of that portion of the cavity in' which the piston head is cast, a pair of permanent complementary mold members movably mounted on said main member and forming the outside wall of that portion of the cavity in which the piston skirt is cast, the cavity formed by said complementary members being open at-its upper end, and a permanent core, comprising a plurality of relatively movable sections, insertible within the cavity opening and having parts spaced from the walls of said main and complementary mold members to form the inner cavity walls for the piston head and skirt and other parts which removaibly engage said complementary mold sections and are thereby properly supported and positioned III ' complementary relatively to said mold members and to each other.

33. In a mold for casting pistons having a head and a skirt, the combinationof a main permanent mold member forming the end wall of that portion of the cavity in which the piston head is cast, a pair of permanent mold memlbers movably mounted on said main member and forming the outside wall of that portion of the cavity in which the piston skirt is cast, the cavity formed by said complementary members being open at its upper end, a permanent sectional core inserti'ble within the cavity opening and spaced from the walls of said main and complementary mold members to form the inner cavity walls for the piston headjand skirt, and means interposed between said core and complementary mold members for causing the proper alincment of the core in the mold cavity.

34. In a mold for casting pistons having a head and a shirt; the combination of a. main permanent mold member forming the end wall of that portion of the cavity in which the piston head is cast, a pair of permanent complementary mold members movably mounted on said main member and forming the outside wall of that portion of the cavity in which the piston skirt is cast,

the cavity formed by said complementary 7 members being. open at its upper end, a

permanent sectional core insertible within the cavity opening and spaced from the walls of said main and complementary mold memhere to form the inner cavity walls for the piston head and skirt, and means for securing 'the'complementary members together.

A core for a mold having a cutaway portion and an insert mounted in said cutaway portion, one of the opposing walls between said insert andcutaway portion being formed with vents.

36'. A core for a mold havin portion and an insert mounted in said receased ion the opposing walls of the poi-stand iiaser' t being cut away to form a Qmoldcavity for formmg a projection on the casting,

internal wall of the casting.

.38. Acore for a mold having a recessed portion and an insert in said recessed ortion, theopposing walls of the core an invsert being cut away to form a mold cavity for a pro ection on the internal wall of the and one of the opposing walls between said insert and recessed portion bea cutaway portmnand an insert mounted msaid'cutaing formed with vents leading from the mold cavity.

39. A core for a mold having a recessed portion and an insert mounted in said recessed portion, the opposing walls of the core and insert being cut away to form a mold cavity for forming a projection on the internal wall of the casting and grooved to form vents for conveying away air, and gases, and one of the opposing walls between said insert and recessed ortion bein formed with vents leading rom the moi cavity to the groove.

i0. A cylindrical core for a mold comprising a main center section and a lurality of side sections, the main section ating its opposite end walls enlarged and the side sections being arranged on opposite sides of said main section and between the said enlargements thereof, the, abutting side walls between the enlargements of'the main section and the side sections being disposed in 7 opposite end walls enlarged and the side sections being arranged on opposite sides of said main section and between the said enlargements thereof, the abutting side walls between the enlargements of the main section and the side sections and the abutting side walls between said side sections being disposed in planes extending approximately radiall of the axis of the core.

42. cylindrical cor for a mold comprising a plurality of side sections and a main section independently insertible in and removable from between the side sections, the main section having its opposite end walls enlarged and the side sections being arranged on opposite sides of said main section and between the said enlargements thereof, the abutting side walls between the enlargements of the main section and the side sections being disposed in planes extending approximately radially of the axis of the core, in combination with means carried by said sections arranged to enga e a mold and support the core as a unit rom one end.

43. The combination with a mold having a main opening for a core and side openings for core pins, of acore insertible in t e main openin and comprising a main secand the side Sections at each side of the main sectlon being formed with recesses which cooperate to form a boss mold cavity adjacent one of the side openings in the mold and a core pin insertible through one of said side openings and arranged to project into the adjacent boss mold cavity.

4-1. The combination with a mold having a main opening for a core and side openings for core pins, of a core insertible in the main opening and comprising a main section having its opposite end walls enlarged, and a plurality of side sections arranged on opposite sides of said main section and between the said enlargements thereof, the abutting side walls between the enlargements of the main section and the side sections being disposed in planes extending approximately radially of the axis of the core and the side sections at each sid of the main section being formed with recesses which cooperate to form a boss mold cavity adjacent one of the side openings in the mold, and core pins, each insertible through one of said side openings and arranged to project into the adjacent. boss mold cavity, the inner wall of each boss cavity serving as a stop for the adjacent core pin.

The combination with a mold having a main opening for a core and side openings for core pins, of a cylindrical core insertible 1n the main opening and comprising a mam section having its opposite end walls enlarged and a plurality of side sections arranged on opposite sides of said main section and between the said enlargements thereof, the abutting side walls between the enlargements of the main section and the side sections bein disposed in planes extending approximate y radially of the axis of the core and the side sections at each side of the" main section being formed with recesses which cooperate to form a boss mold cavity adjacent one of the side openings in the mold, and core pins, each insertible through one of said side 0 enings and arranged to project into the adjacent boss mold cavity, the main section being removable independently of the side sections to permit the latter to swing laterally and inwardly pIloI to their endwise removal.

46; Ina mold for casting a piston having a head and a skirt, the combinatipn of a permanent mold base having a wall adapted to form the outer wall of that portion of the cavity in which the piston head is cast, a pair of permanent hollow mold members having top, bottom, side and end walls arranged to be moved together with 'side against side, the abutting side Walls of said members having complementary portions adapted to form the outer wall of that portion of the cavity in which the piston shirt is cast, and a permanent core insertlble .members having complementary portions v in the opening formed by within the opening formed by the comple- 66 mentary portions and supported by said hollow mold members and arranged with its lower free end and sides adjacentthereto spaced from the outer walls of the cavity to form the inner walls thereof.

47. In a mold for casting a piston having a head and a skirt, the combination of a. permanent mold base having a wall adapted to form the outer wall of that portion of the cavity in which the piston head is cast, a pair 0 permanent hollow mold members having top, bottom, ide and end walls arranged to be moved together with side against side, the abutting side walls of said members having complementary portions adapted to form the outer wall of that portion of the cavity in which the piston skirt is cast, a permanent core insertible within the opening formed by the complementary portions, and means at the outer end of said core for supporting the core within said opening with its lower free end and sides adjacent thereto spaced from the outer walls of the cavity to form the inner walls thereof.

48. In a mold for casting a piston having 90 a head and a skirt, the combination of a permanent mold base having a wall adapted to form the outer wall of that portion of the cavity in which the piston head is cast, a pair of permanent hollow mold members having top, bottom, side and end walls arranged to be moved together with side against side, the abutting side walls of said adapted to form the outer wall of that portion of the cavity in which the piston skirt is cast, and a permanent core insertible withthe complementary portions and arranged with its lower free end and sides adjacent thereto spaced. from the outer Walls of the cavity, and means for supplying heat to the interior of each of said hollow mold members.

49. In a mold for casting apiston having a headand a skirt, the combination of a permanent mold base having a wall adapted to form the outer wall of that portion of the cavity in which the piston head is cast, a pair of permanent hollow mold members having top, bottom, side and end walls arran ed to be moved to ether with side against side, the abutting side walls of said members having complementary ortions adapted to form thouter wall of that ortion of the cavity in-which the pistons irt is cast, a permanent core comprising a plurahty of relatively movable sections, insertible wlthin the opening formed by the complementar portions, and means for support ng said core sections within said opening wit 12 their lower free ends and sides adjacent thereto. properly spaced from the outer walls of the cav1ty to form the inner walls thereof and for holding the ad'acent walls of said sections in slidable sur ace engagement.

50. In a mold for casting cup-shaped articles having inwardly extending proqections, the combination of separable permanent mold sections having surfaces which cooperate to form the outer walls of the mold cavity, and a permanent core composed of a lui-ality of separable sections, each merely iaving surface engagement with the adjacent walls of an a joining section, said sections normally being held together when constituting walls of the mold cavity from 1 pomts entirely outside the mold cavity, and adjoining side sect-ions being recessed at their adjacent surfaces to form a cavity for an inwardly extendin boss.

51. Ina mol for casting cup-shaped 29 articles havin inwardly extending pio1ections, the com ination of separable permanent mold sections having surfaces which cooperate to form the outer walls of the mold cavity, and a permanent core comprising a main section and side sections having merely slidable surface engagement with said main section when the casting is formed in the mold, the main section being removable by sliding it longitudinally relative to the side sections and the casting, and the side sections being removable by movement bodily laterally relative to the casting and then longitudinal withdrawal from the casting.

52. In a mold for casting cup-shaped articles havi inwardly extending pro]ections, the com ination of separable mold sections having surfaces which cooperate to form the outer walls of the mold cavity, and a permanent core comprising a main section and side sections having-merely slidable Surface engagement with said main section, the adjoining side sections being recessed at their adjacent surfaces to form a cavity for inwardly extending bosses, when the casting is formed in the mold, the main section being removable by sliding it longitudinally relative to the side sections and the casting, and the side sections being swingable bodily laterally away from the casting and the adja- 59 cent boss and then removable from the casting by outward endwise movement.

53. In a mold for casting cup-shaped articles, the combination of permanent mold sections shaped and correlated to form the outer walls of the mold cavity, a permanent core. made of a plurality of sections certain of which are separable from each other in a diametrical plane and have formed in them at either side of said plane recesses which cooperate to form in the casting diametrically opposed inwardly extending bosses, and a to for the mold cavity having an opening into said mold cavity arranged intermediate said diametrically opposed boss recesses.

c5 54. In a mold for casting cup-shaped I said mold cavity arranged intermediate said articles, the combination of permanent mold sections shaped and correlated to form the outer walls of the mold cavity, a permanent core made of a plurality of sections certain of which are separable from each other in a diamctrical plane and have formed in them at either side of said plane recesses which cooperate to form in the casting diametrically opposed inwardly extending bosses, corepins insertible through said mold sections and movable to and fro within said mold sections into and out of said boss recesses, and a gate for the mold cavity having an opening into diametrically opposed boss recesses. 55. In a mold for casting cup-shaped articles, the combination of permanent mold sect-ions shaped and correlated to form the outer walls of the mold cavity, a permanent core made of'aplurality of sections certain of which are separable from each other in a diametrical plane and have formed in them at either side of said plane recesses which cooperate to form in the casting diametrically opposed inwardly extending bosses, and a gate for the mold cavity having an opening into said mold cavity arranged midway between said diametrically opposed boss recesses. I

56. In a mold for casting cup-shaped articles, the combination of a )lnrality of permanent mold sections shaped and corre lated to form the walls against which the head end, sides and annular bottom walls of the cup-shaped article are cast, and a permanent core made of separable sections, the inner ends of which constitute the walls of the mold cavity against which the inner walls of the casting are formed.

57. In a mold for casting cup-shaped articlcs, the combination of a plurality of permanent mold sections shaped and correlated to form the walls against which the head, end, sides and annular bottom walls of the'cup-shaped article are cast, and u a permanent core consisting of a central section insertible and withdrawable from the assembled mold sections by endwise movement and having flared end walls at diametrically opposite sides thereof, and side sections disposed between said end walls of the center section and having walls separable from said center section along lines approximately radial to the axis of the center section, said side sections being removable from the casting after the center section has been withdrawn by bodily lateral and then endwise longitudinal movements.

58. In a mold for casting cup-shaped articlcs. the combination of a plurality of permanent mold sections shaped and correlated to form the walls against which the head end, sides and annular bottom walls of the cup-shaped articles are cast, and a permanent core consisting of a central section inouter wall of a mold cavit 1,29e,aes

sertible and withdrawablc from the assembled mold sections by endwise movement and side sections disposed at either side of said center section and having walls separable from said center section along lines approximately radial to the axis of the center section, said side sections being removable from the casting after the center section has been withdrawn by bodily lateral and then endwise longitudinal movements and said center section extending at its lower end slightly beyond the side sections, whereby when the center section is removed and the side sections are moved bodily laterally they will tend to sever any fin which might have been formed between them and the center section.

59. In a mold for casting cup-shaped articles, the combination of a ermanent mold body shaped to form the we ls against which the head end, sides and annular bottom walls of the cup-shaped articles are cast, and a permanent core consisting of a central section insertible and withdrawable from the mold body by endwise movement, and side sections dis osed at either side of said center section an having'walls separable from said center section along lines approximately radial to the axis of the center section, said side sections being removable from the casting after the center section has beenwithdraw'n by bodilylateral and then endwise longitudinal movements, and said center section 'at its lower end being recessed to cause an inwardly extending web to be formed in the casting on the head thereof.

60. In a mold for casting cup-shapedartioles having inwardly extending rojections, the combination of a mold bod iiavingsurfaces which form the outer wal s of the mold cavity, and a permanent core comprising a main section and side sections havin merel slidable surface engagement with said mol body, the adjoining side-section being recessed at their adjacent surfaces to form a cavity for inwardly extending bosses, when the casting is formed in the mold, the main section'bein removable b sliding it lon itudinally refittive to the si e-sections and t e casting, the side sectionsbeing swingablo bodily laterally away from the casting and the adjacent boss and then removable from the casting by outward endwise movement, and the side and center sections being recessed between said bosses to providea cavity for the forming of a' connecting web between the bosses on the castin 61. In a mold for casting pistons the combination of a ermanent mold bod having an opening, t e walls of, which -orm the for a piston casting having a head and 'rt with internal piston pin bosses, and a permanent sectional core insertible within said 'mold body to form the inner wall of the cavity, the said core comprising a center section and side sections arranged upon opposite sides of the center section and formed to provide the cavities for the said pin bosses.

62. In a mold for casting pistons, the combination of a ermanent mold bod having an opening, tlie walls of which cm the outer wall of a mold cavity for a piston casting having a head and a skirt with in ternal piston pin bosses, and a ermanent core insertible within said mol body to form the inner wall of the cavity, the said core comprising a main member and members movably related to the main member and formed to occupy the spaces directly under the pin boss cavities when the parts of the mold are assembled in operative relation.

63. In a mold for casting cup-shaped articles having inwardly extending projections,

of the cup-shaped mold cavity, and a permanent core composed of a plurality of separable sections, each having merel surface engagement with the adjacent wa ls of an ad oining section, said sections normally being held together when constituting walls of the mold cavity from points en-tirel outside the mold cavity and adjoining si e sections being recessed at their adjacent surfaces to form a cavity for an inwardly exvtendin boss.

64. n a mold for casting cu -shaped articles having inwardly exten ing' pro ections, the combination of a permanent mold body shaped to form the outer walls of the cup-shaped mold cavity, a permanent'sectional core comprising a mam section hav- --ing opposite lateral walls shaped to form parts 0 the internal walls of the cup-shaped the main section, said side sections being recessed to form in the casting dlametrically opposed inwardly extendln bows and being adapted for withdrawa from the mold by lateral and then endwise movement after main core section has been removed, and a gate for the mold cavity having an opening' into the said cavity arranged intermediate the said diametrically, opposed bosses. I '65. In a mold for casting cup-shaped articles, the combination of a permanent mold body shaped to form the outer walls of the on shaped cavity, and a permanent core d vi ed longitudinally into a plurality of sections and shaped to form the inner walls of the cup-shaped mold cavity, sald core comprising, a section insertible and wlthdraw able from the mold cavity b endwise move mentand additional sections removable fro the mold body and castin after the firs named section has beenwit drawn, by bodily lateral and then endwise, movement, and said first named section being extended at its lower end slightly beyond the other 10s cavity and side sections on opposite sides of 

